Are There Many Inactive Jupiter-Family Comets among the Near-Earth Asteroid Population?
By Julio A. Fernández, T. Gallardo, A. Brunini. 2002
161 citations recorded by the source corpus.
Abstract We analyze the dynamical evolution of Jupiter-family (JF) comets and near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) with aphelion distances Q >3.5 AU, paying special attention to the problem of mixing of both populations, such that inactive comets may be disguised as NEAs. From numerical integrations for 2×10 6 years we find that the half lifetime (where the lifetime is defined against hyperbolic ejection or collision with the Sun or the planets) of near-Earth JF comets (perihelion distances q 5 years but that they spend only a small fraction of this time (∼ a few 10 3 years) with q 6 years we find that the half lifetime of NEAs in “cometary” orbits (defined as those with aphelion distances Q >4.5 AU, i.e., that approach or cross Jupiter's orbit) is 4.2×10 5 years, i.e., about three times longer than that for near-Earth JF comets. We also analyze the problem of decoupling JF comets from Jupiter to produce Encke-type comets. To this end we simulate the dynamical evolution of the sample of observed JF comets with the inclusion of nongravitational forces. While decoupling occurs very seldom when a purely gravitational motion is considered, the action of nongravitational forces (as strong as or greater than those acting on Encke) can produce a few Enckes. Furthermore, a few JF comets are transferred to low-eccentricity orbits entirely within the main asteroid belt ( Q q >2 AU). The population of NEAs in cometary orbits is found to be adequately replenished with NEAs of smaller Q 's diffusing outward, from which we can set an upper limit of ∼20% for the putative component of deactivated JF comets needed to maintain such a population in steady state. From this analysis, the upper limit for the average time that a JF comet in near-Earth orbit can spend as a dormant, asteroid-looking body can be estimated to be about 40% of the time spent as an active comet. More likely, JF comets in near-Earth orbits will disintegrate once (or shortly after) they end their active phases.
Subfields: Astronomy and Astrophysics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/0705b5115596994ae0c592db3b904365c341f903
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In Astronomy and Astrophysics
Citations in the corpus
- The Strange Case of 133P/Elst-Pizarro: A Comet among the Asteroids (2004, methodology): “As seen in simulations performed by Fernández et al. (2002), gravitational perturbations alone can produce large orbital deviations: D/Pigott migrates from a perihelion distance of q 1 AU to one as high as q 3 AU.”
- The sizes, shapes, albedos, and colors of cometary nuclei (2004, background): “The cometary origin of these NEOs is still highly speculative, and many of them may be bona fide asteroids coming from the outer regions of the asteroidal belt, including the Hilda group and Jupiter Trojans (Fernández et al., 2002).”
- THE ACTIVE ASTEROIDS (2011, methodology): “Fernández et al. (2002) forward-integrated the orbits of test particles representing the 202 JFCs known at the time and several dynamical clones of each comet (using purely gravitational computations).”
- Water and astrobiology (2007, background): “Dynamical simulations suggest that they are not comets that have been captured from farther out in the Solar System (Fernandez et al., 2002), but are more likely icy bodies that have been stored at their present location over the age of the Solar System.”