Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membranes for direct methanol fuel cell

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Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview (2019, result): “When compared with the Nafion membrane, the ionic channel inside the SPEEK membrane is narrower when formed by this sulfonic acid group, while Nafion with a sulfonic acid group had a larger ionic channel, which was why the methanol permeability in Nafion was higher.(305)”
Review of the proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications (2010, unknown): “[194] Li L, Zhang J, Wang Y.”
Additives in proton exchange membranes for low- and high-temperature fuel cell applications: A review (2019, background): “low (increasing from room temperature to 80 C) [85].”
Cost effective cation exchange membranes: A review (2012, methodology): “Despite the limitations of cross-linking, mechanical and thermal degradation, the post-sulfonation procedure described in various reports (Balster et al., 2005; Basile et al., 2006; Dai et al., 2001; Do and Kim, 2008; Drioli et al., 2004; Gohil et al., 2006; Hu et al., 2004a,b; Li et al., 2003; Xing”
Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone)-based proton exchange membranes for vanadium redox battery applications (2014, background): “Also, with increments of both IEC and SD, the polymer becomes hydrophilic and tends to absorb more water, which is beneficial for facilitating the proton transport [37].”