Triple Helix Systems: An Analytical Framework for Innovation Policy and Practice in the Knowledge Society

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Open Innovation 4.0 as an Enhancer of Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems (2020, background): “Additionally, the paid interest of industry is the existing research that releases the government from supporting public research, as universities become less dependent on public funding, arguing in favor of university funding closely linked to its economic impact [58,65].”
Bridging the gap between circular economy and climate change mitigation policies through eco-innovations and Quintuple Helix Model (2020, background): “policymaking processes to innovation (Ahonen and Hämäläinen, 2012; Ranga and Etzkowitz, 2013; Haschea, Hoglund and Linton, 2019).”
Theorizing the Triple Helix model: Past, present, and future (2020, methodology): “4.1 Triadic Interactions Ranga and Etzkowitz (2013) introduced the concept of Triple Helix systems as an analytical construct that synthesizes the key features of Triple Helix interactions with the innovation systems approach.”
Quadruple helix as a network of relationships: creating value within a Swedish regional innovation system (2019, background): “…that make a distinction between actors from (1) academia/universities, (2) government, and (3) industry (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 2000; Ranga and Etzkowitz 2013; Strand, Ivanova, and Leydesdorff 2016) or from a quadruple helix perspective that also includes a fourth helix of the users…”