Emergence of a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas
By M. Greiner, C. Regal, D. Jin. Nature, 2003
1,012 citations recorded by the source corpus.
The realization of superfluidity in a dilute gas of fermionic atoms, analogous to superconductivity in metals, represents a long-standing goal of ultracold gas research. In such a fermionic superfluid, it should be possible to adjust the interaction strength and tune the system continuously between two limits: a Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS)-type superfluid (involving correlated atom pairs in momentum space) and a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC), in which spatially local pairs of atoms are bound together. This crossover between BCS-type superfluidity and the BEC limit has long been of theoretical interest, motivated in part by the discovery of high-temperature superconductors. In atomic Fermi gas experiments superfluidity has not yet been demonstrated; however, long-lived molecules consisting of locally paired fermions have been reversibly created. Here we report the direct observation of a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate created solely by adjusting the interaction strength in an ultracold Fermi gas of atoms. This state of matter represents one extreme of the predicted BCS–BEC continuum.
Subfields: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/057952ef37a0012fdf0f4e7236885b4e08858bea
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Citations in the corpus
- The BCS–BEC crossover: From ultra-cold Fermi gases to nuclear systems (2018, background): “(i) The initial production of long-lived composite bosons [236, 237, 238, 239]; (ii) The condensation of composite bosons [240, 241, 242]; (iii) The evidence of a condensate extending also to the BCS side of the crossover [243, 244] with the “projection” technique introduced in Ref.”
- Quantum simulation of the Hubbard model with ultracold fermions in optical lattices (2018, neutral): “The first quantum simulation studies with ultracold fermionic atoms focused on the study of superfluidity in trapped two-component Fermi gases with strong interactions [18], for instance the BEC-BCS crossover [19,20,21,22,23,24,25] and various thermodynamic properties [26,27,28,29,30].”
- Strongly correlated quantum fluids: ultracold quantum gases, quantum chromodynamic plasmas and holographic duality (2012, methodology): “ate fields. The creation of a degenerate Fermi gas near a Feshbach resonance was followed in 2003by the first measurements ofthe interaction energy [48,49]andthe creationofBosecondensed dimer molecules [50, 51, 52, 53]. In 2004, condensed fermionic atom pairs were observed using a fast magnetic field s”
- Feshbach resonances in ultracold gases (2008, methodology): “The experiments in (40)K followed a different approach to achieve molecular BEC (Greiner et al., 2003).”
- Universal few-body physics and cluster formation (2017, background): “An impressive series of experiments has observed precisely these phenomena (Greiner et al., 2003; Loftus et al., 2002; Regal et al., 2005, 2004b), and this crossover physics has been reviewed by (Regal and Jin, 2007).”
- Making, probing and understanding ultracold Fermi gases (2008, background): “In the (40)K experiment the effective lifetime of 5 to 10 ms was sufficient to reach equilibrium in only two dimensions and to form a quasi- or nonequilibrium condensate [65].”
- Ultra-cold polarized Fermi gases (2010, methodology): “Fermionic superfluidity was obtained in 2003 [58, 59, 60, 61] and allowed for the exploration of BEC-BCS crossover physics, a theoretical scenario bridging the gap between the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer mean-field theory describing the behavior of weakly attracting fermions (scattering length a small”