Ionosphere plasma bubbles and density variations induced by pre‐earthquake rock currents and associated surface charges

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An improved coupling model for the lithosphere‐atmosphere‐ionosphere system (2014, methodology): “In our LAI coupling model, the upward currents can be due to current dynamos associated with the stressed rock [Freund, 2010; Kuo et al., 2011] or the injection of aresols and radon into the atmosphere [Sorokin et al., 2007; Sorokin and Hayakawa, 2013].”
Physical bases of the generation of short-term earthquake precursors: A complex model of ionization-induced geophysical processes in the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system (2015, methodology): “A similar approach is used by Kuo et al. (2011), who consider the electric field effects in the equatorial ionosphere; its generation also requires an additional vertical electric current in the atmosphere.”
Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes and Global Electric Circuit (2014, background): “D mode calculations presented in the paper (Kuo et al., 2011) it can be criticized from the same position as the paper of Sorokin (2007).”