An HMM-based speech-smile synthesis system: An approach for amusement synthesis

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The Emotional Voices Database: Towards Controlling the Emotion Dimension in Voice Generation Systems (2018, methodology): “Amused speech can contain chuckling sounds which overlap and/or intermingle with speech called speech-laughs[22] or can be only amused smiled speech [10].”
Breath and repeat: An attempt at enhancing speech-laugh synthesis quality (2015, background): “speech modulated by the effect of smiling, see also [8]).”
Speech-laughs: An HMM-based approach for amused speech synthesis (2015, background): “In fact, evaluations in [21] proved that the perceived degree amusement was better when using Duchenne smiles (smiles containing real enjoyment) data rather than spread lips style of speech data for adaptation.”
An HMM approach for synthesizing amused speech with a controllable intensity of smile (2015, methodology): “We previously developed a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based speech-smile synthesis systems [8].”