Interplanetary conditions causing intense geomagnetic storms (Dst ≤ −100 nT) during solar cycle 23 (1996–2006)

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A spherical harmonic model of the lithospheric magnetic field of Mars (2014, background): “However, geomagnetic storms were observed to be more frequent near the beginning of the declining phase of the solar cycle [Echer et al., 2008, 2013], which could explain the large standard deviations of the third epoch under the assumption that geomagnetic storms are an indicator for magnetic…”
Near-earth solar wind flows and related geomagnetic activity during more than four solar cycles (1963-2011) (2012, background): “…Open Access article distributed under the terms of creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License 3.0 Richardson et al. 2001; Zhang et al. 2007; Echer et al. 2008; Richardson & Cane 2010, 2011a, and references therein), and also during the passage of high-speed streams past the Earth (e.g.,…”
Geoeffective Properties of Solar Transients and Stream Interaction Regions (2017, background): “The most important large-scale solar wind structures that drive magnetic storms (e.g., Gosling et al. 1991; Crooker 2000; Huttunen et al. 2002; Zhang et al. 2007; Echer et al. 2008b; Richardson and Cane 2012) are shown schematically in Fig.”