Intensive cultivation can drastically reduce earthworm populations in arable land

By J. Curry, D. Byrne, O. Schmidt. 2002

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Biodiversity and multiple ecosystem functions in an organic farmscape. (2010, background): “Lack of tillage, less compaction, and high inputs of organic matter likely contribute to the higher abundance of earthworms in the perennial habitats (Curry et al., 2002; Chan and Barchia, 2007).”
Earthworm species composition affects the soil bacterial community and net nitrogen mineralization (2006, background): “The comparison of earthworm species diversity ranging from one to three species is relevant in agricultural systems where earthworm species diversity is usually below five species (Lee, 1985), and can be restricted to one species (Curry et al., 2002).”
Effect of tillage on earthworms over short- and medium-term in conventional and organic farming (2014, background): “All rights reserved. due to soil tillage depends on tillage intensity (Chan, 2001; Curry, 2004) and may be higher under root than cereal crops (Curry et al., 2002).”