Patterns of Acid–Base Regulation During Exposure to Hypercarbia in Fishes

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Early life history and fisheries oceanography: new questions in a changing world (2014, background): “Juvenile and adult fishes generally have well-developed mechanisms for acid-base regulation and can cope with pCO2 levels much higher than those projected due to climate change (Brauner and Baker, 2009; Esbaugh et al., 2012; Heuer and Grosell, 2014).”
Effect of ocean acidification on otolith development in larvae of a tropical marine fish (2011, background): “Fish actively regulate their acid-base balance through bicarbonate (HCO−3 ) accumulation and ion exchange across the gills (Claiborne et al., 2002; Evans et al., 2005; Brauner and Baker, 2009) and, thus, are able to compensate for intra- and extra-cellular acidosis caused by increased pCO2.”
Modelling climate change impacts on marine fish populations: process-based integration of ocean warming, acidification and other environmental drivers (2016, background): “…into the bloodstream of marine fish, which 192 is generally compensated within hours to days by an active accumulation of bicarbonate 193 (HCO3-) to maintain the extracellular pH required for efficient cellular functioning (e.g. 194 Heisler, 1984, Brauner and Baker, 2009, Melzner et al., 2009b).”