A meta‐analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma

By S. Thavagnanam, J. Fleming, A. Bromley, M. Shields, C. Cardwell. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 2008

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The human milk microbiome changes over lactation and is shaped by maternal weight and mode of delivery. (2012, background): “delivery (28, 29), further evaluation of the possible impact of the skewed bacterial composition of breast milk needs to be performed.”
Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life (2016, background): “Cesarean delivery has been associated with asthma (18), allergies (19), type 1 diabetes (20), and obesity (21), possibly because of diminished exposure to maternal microbes during birth.”
The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota (2017, background): “associated with an increased risk of immune disorders such as asthma (85), allergy (86),”
The Hologenome Concept: Human, Animal and Plant Microbiota (2014, background): “Infants delivered by cesarean section have a higher risk of asthma (Thavagnanam et al. 2008; Almquist and Rejnö 2013) and twofold higher odds of childhood obesity than vaginally delivered infants (Huh et al.”
Mom Knows Best: The Universality of Maternal Microbial Transmission (2013, background): “vaginal and fecal microbes as they exit the birth canal [60–62] (Figure 1).”