Effects of carbohydrate addition on production in extensive shrimp culture systems

By B. Hari, B. Kurup, Johny T. Varghese, J. Schrama, M. Verdegem. 2004

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Biofloc technology application as a food source in a limited water exchange nursery system for pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (Latreille, 1817) (2012, background): “E¡ective use of microbial biomass has collateral bene¢ts for species that have a ¢ltering apparatus and/or digestive system that better assimilate bio£oc (Burford, Thompson, McIntosh, Bauman & Pearson 2003; Hari et al. 2004; Hargreaves 2006).”
Effect of carbon and nitrogen ratio (C:N) manipulation on the production performance and immunity of Pacific white shrimpLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone, 1931) in a biofloc‐based rearing system (2018, background): “Utilization of microbial protein depends on the ability of the target animal to harvest the bacteria and to digest and utilize the microbial protein (Avnimelech, 1999; Burford et al., 2004; Burford, Thompson, McIntosh, Bauman, & Pearson, 2003; Hari et al., 2004).”
Reducing Water Use for Animal Production through Aquaculture (2006, background): “Replacing a 40% with a 25% protein diet, in combination with carbon addition to raise the C:N ratio of the substrate, increased net yield of tiger shrimp (L. monodon) from 448 to 644 kg ha–1, while reducing the FCR from 2.2 to 1.6 during a 4-months production cycle (Hari et al., 2004).”