On the nature of biomaterials.

By David F. Williams. Biomaterials, 2009

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Macrophages, Foreign Body Giant Cells and Their Response to Implantable Biomaterials (2015, background): “Biomaterials are engineered to take a form that can work alone or as part of a complex system providing direction to the course of any therapeutic procedure by regulating interactions with components of living systems [1,2].”
Microwave-assisted polymer synthesis (MAPS) as a tool in biomaterials science: How new and how powerful (2011, neutral): “veterinarymedicine” [22].”
Biomaterial based modulation of macrophage polarization: A review and suggested design principles (2015, background): “R E S E A R C H : R eiew by control of interactions with components of living systems, the course of any therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, in human or veterinary medicine’ [4].”
Alginate: properties and biomedical applications (2012, background): “The more recent evolution in this field has now led to the definition of a biomaterial as a material intended to interface with biological systems to evaluate, treat, augment or replace any tissue, organ or function of the body [3], and boundaries for the use of biomaterials are still expanding.”
Thermal, microstructural, and spectroscopic analysis of Ca2+ alginate/clay nanocomposite hydrogel beads (2018, neutral): “Polymers can even be used in prosthetic devices where they prove to be highly functional and can displace high-cost equipment [2].”