This Mine is Mine! How Minerals Fuel Conflicts in Africa

By Mathias Thoenig, Nicolas Berman, D. Rohner, M. Couttenier. Social Science Research Network, 2015

606 citations recorded by the source corpus.

This paper studies empirically the impact of mining on conflicts in Africa. Using novel data, we combine geo-referenced information over the 1997-2010 period on the location and characteristics of violent events and mining extraction of 27 minerals. Working with a grid covering all African countries at a spatial resolution of 0.5 0.5 degree, we find a sizeable impact of mining activity on the probability/intensity of conflict at the local level. This is both true for low-level violence (riots, protests), as well as for organized violence (battles). Our main identication strategy exploits exogenous variations in the minerals' world prices; however the results are robust to various alternative strategies, both in the cross-section and panel dimensions. Our estimates suggest that the historical rise in mineral prices observed over the period has contributed to up to 21 percent of the average country-level violence in Africa. The second part of the paper investigates whether minerals, by increasing the financial capacities of fighting groups, contribute to diffuse violence over time and space, therefore affecting the intensity and duration of wars. We find direct evidence that the appropriation of a mining area by a group increases the probability that this group perpetrates future violence elsewhere. This is consistent with feasibility theories of conflict. We also find that secessionist insurgencies are more likely in mining areas, which is in line with recent theories of secessionist conflict.

Subfields: Building and Construction, Economics and Econometrics

View Paper: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/011e4aa17f1072dbbacfb7f3d305991c0fbb1a18

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Citations in the corpus

Mining and Local Corruption in Africa (2017, background): “Berman et al. (2014) find that mineral production has a sizeable impact on both the probability and intensity of various conflict types in Africa, whereas de la Sierra (2014) finds a positive effect of coltan mining, but no effect of gold, on the emergence of local rebel governance structures in the”
African Mining, Gender, and Local Employment (2014, background): “The present paper adds to recent literature on local effects of natural resources (e.g. Allcott and Keniston 2014; Aragon and Rud, 2013b; Berman et al., 2014; Caselli and Michaels, 2013; Michaels, 2011; Wilson, 2012), by investigating the effects of large-scale mineral mining on local labor markets.”
Conflict, Climate, and Cells: A Disaggregated Analysis (2018, neutral): “[5] Berman, Nicolas, Mathieu Couttenier, Dominic Rohner, and Mathias Thoenig, “This Mine”
The Economic Origins of Conflict in Africa (2017, positive): “Robustness In table A13, we again cumulatively add (1) cell-level weather covariates and oil prices cell- and country-level production indicators and (2)mineral prices cell-level mine indicators from Berman et al. (2017) to the specification with year fixed effects.”