Experiments in Turbulent Pipe Flow with Polymer Additives at Maximum Drag Reduction

By P. Ptasinski, F. Nieuwstadt, van den Bhaa Ben Brule, M. Hulsen. 2001

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New Answers on the Interaction Between Polymers and Vortices in Turbulent Flows (2005, background): “Recent experiments in a channel and a pipe [24, 34] demonstrated low Reynolds shear stress, uv+, which could not be balanced by the viscous stress (dU+/dy+) in the stress balance equation.”
Effects of polymer stresses on eddy structures in drag-reduced turbulent channel flow (2006, background): “In drag-reducing flow, experimental results show that the Reynolds shear stress decreases significantly (Wei & Willmarth 1992; Warholic et al. 1999; Ptasinski et al. 2001).”
Turbulent pipe flow of shear-thinning fluids (2004, methodology): “It should be noted that this Reynolds number has been used by others [1,11, 12 ] and has been shown to suitably collapse data for the flow of non-Newtonian fluids.”
Turbulent channel flow near maximum drag reduction: simulations, experiments and mechanisms (2003, methodology): “We compare our findings with those obtained for Newtonian flow and with experimental data obtained at large drag reduction, in particular the data of Ptasinski et al. (2001).”
Influence of rheological parameters on polymer induced turbulent drag reduction (2006, unknown): “Normalized by all stress τw(= ρU2 τ ) the time averaged shear stress balance quation is given by [6,7,11]:”